Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but several factors contribute:
- Hormonal imbalance : High levels of androgens and insulin resistance.
- Insulin resistance : Many people with PCOS have insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes.
- Genetics : Family history plays a role.
- Inflammation : Low-grade inflammation can stimulate ovaries to produce androgens.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary but may include:
- Irregular or absent periods
- Difficulty getting pregnant
- Excess hair growth (face, chest, back)
- Acne or oily skin
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
- Thinning hair or hair loss on the scalp
- Darkening of skin, especially in neck folds, armpits, or groin
- Skin tags (small excess skin growths)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of:
- Medical history and symptom review
- Physical exam
- Blood tests to check hormone levels
- Ultrasound to check ovaries
