Types of Ovarian Cysts

• Functional cysts – Most common type, linked to the menstrual cycle.
• Follicular cyst : Forms when a follicle doesn’t release an egg.
• Corpus luteum cyst : Forms after the egg is released; sometimes fills with fluid.
• Pathological cysts – Less common, may be more serious.
• Dermoid cysts : Contain tissue like hair, skin, or teeth.
• Cystadenomas : Develop from ovarian tissue and can grow large.
• Endometriomas : Associated with endometriosis; filled with old blood (“chocolate cysts”).

Symptoms

Many ovarian cysts are asymptomatic, but some may cause:

• Pelvic pain or pressure (often on one side)
• Bloating or abdominal fullness
• Pain during intercourse
• Irregular menstrual periods
• Urinary frequency if pressing on the bladder
• Sudden, severe abdominal pain (if cyst ruptures or causes ovarian torsion—medical emergency)

Causes & Risk Factors

Many women are asymptomatic, but when symptoms occur, they may include:

• Hormonal problems
• Pregnancy (sometimes cysts form in early pregnancy)
• Endometriosis
• Severe pelvic infections
• Previous ovarian cysts

Diagnosis

• Pelvic exam
• Ultrasound (main diagnostic tool)
• Sometimes MRI or CT scan for complex cysts
• Blood tests (CA-125) if cancer is suspected